"The testimony of Jesus is the Spirit of Prophecy" (Rev. 19:10). The eighth century prophet Isaiah addressed the backslidden nations of Israel and Judah during the reigns of five kings of Judah to warn them of pending judgment while offering them the hope of an eventual return from Babylonian exile as a fire-refined people that God could use for his divine purposes. Integral to God's intentions for Israel and her mission was Israel's acknowledgement of God's appointed Anointed One, the Messiah. The leadership the Jewish Messiah would afford the ultimately yielded holy nation of light-bearing priests would bring the world under the sway of Israel's prophetic testimony of Jesus and effect global redemption. Isaiah's Hebrew text is thoroughly investigated to exhibit the heart and purposes of God for Israel and all mankind.

Paul's two most "Jewish-focused" epistles are examined in terms of their Jewish historical and theological backdrops. Was Paul an advocate or adversary of Jewish religion, the Torah, and the uniqueness of Israel in God's plan for the ages, the Missio Dei? The contemporary implications of these letters in terms of Jewish and Gentile identities in Messiah, the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the perpetuation of ethnic and cultural heritages, and corporate life in the Yeshua-believing community are probed and discussed in depth.

Beginning from the Pauline teaching in Romans, we will look at how Paul was influenced from the teachings of Yeshua and the perspective later represented in the Synoptic Gospels on Torah living in the Spirit. We will also look at the new studies that speak about the application of Moses in the New Covenant with regard to universal Torah and specific applications of Torah to Jews. Then we will survey the rest of the New Covenant Scriptures to see how they speak to this issue.

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This course introduces the student to the broad spectrum of Jewish religious belief and practice as observed through the centuries and into modern times. An analysis is offered of the impact of cultural history upon Judaism which has led to its constant evolution and innovation. Modern Jewish dispositions toward Jesus and Christianity are evaluated in light of traditional Jewish, American Jewish, Israeli and contemporary Messianic Jewish faith expressions.

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The historical development of the rabbinic Oral Torah, including the principle transmitters of the Oral Torah in the post-Second Temple centuries, an analysis of the Oral Torah's treatment of the Written Torah with a discussion of the authority of Oral Torah for rabbinic Judaism, a summary of the contents of the Mishnah and Talmuds, a close reading of selected passages in the Mishnah and Babylonian Talmud with an emphasis on Talmudic reasoning, along with a sampling of selections of haggadic material in the Babylonian Talmud.

An analysis of the Messianic hope in ancient Israel treating the primary historic, contextual, theological, and philological issues, as well as dealing with the traditional Jewish interpretation of key Messianic prophecies. Attention will also be paid to the concept of "Messiah" in late Second Temple times, from the Qumran Community, incipient rabbinic literature, and the New Testament writings.

This course combines a perspective on hermeneutical (interpretive) approaches to the Bible with doing theology from a Messianic Jewish perspective. Revelation is only effective if we agree on the approach of interpretation. We will examine other approaches and seek to give a case for a specific Messianic Jewish approach. This will lead to surveying the major issues of theology where a Messianic Jewish approach is truly representative of biblical revelation.

A study of how Christians from the first-century birth of the Messianic Jewish community to the Reformation perceived the mission of God in the world, conducted Kingdom expansion and dealt with the cultural contexts of ancient Christianity. Schools of biblical interpretation, liturgies, renewal movements, and significant challenges to the integrity of the faith, including Gnosticism, Supersessionism (replacement theology), other major doctrinal disputes, as well as the political, social and cultural dynamics are examined. The rise of Islam and the Muslim conquests, the Crusades, Spanish Inquisition, and foundational currents for the Reformation are historically evaluated in light of Christian self-understanding and in view of the correlative Jewish experience and response.

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First century Jewish eschatology was a response to the understanding of the prophets among Pharisees, Essenes and Zealots. The kingdom teaching of Yeshua was in response to his own Jewish context. This course surveys Yeshua's teaching on eschatology particularly with regard to the second coming and the meaning of the Kingdom. The investigation extends to Kingdom understanding in Acts, to Paul's understanding of the "last days," and the "mystery" of the Church and to John's apocalyptic Revelation.

A historical and topical review of Jewish objections to faith in Jesus as Messiah, including in-depth analyses of: alleged anti-Semitism in the New Testament; the persecution of Jews in Church history; the Holocaust perceived as a Christianity-inspired event; the nature of God (absolute unity vs. tri-unity); the deity of the Messiah; the need for blood atonement; faith vs. works; the New Testament's alleged misuse of the Hebrew Scriptures; theological issues raised by the New Testament (including the perpetuity or abrogation of the Torah); and the question of the necessity of an Oral Torah.

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This course examines the qualifications for leadership in a Messianic Jewish context and includes an assessment of the vision and goals of a Messianic congregation and the leadership necessary to fulfill those goals. The course ranges from the leader's devotional life, his marriage and family, his ability to inspire and bring conviction for commitment to the community and more. The shepherd's role as teacher, preacher, disciple-maker, healer, bringer of justice in community, and administrator are evaluated. The importance of discipleship and the gifts of the Spirit in small groups are emphasized.

Appealing to the Jewish people as a sociological unit enables modern Jewish ministries to employ the missiological sciences to efforts at winning "All Israel" to Yeshua. Rather than merely reaching people on the peripheral edge of Jewish community life, contemporary outreach should seek to foster a widespread and mainstream Jewish people movement toward Yeshua. The issues of modern Jewish life, the perceptions of hazard or threat to Jewish survival whether political, militaristic, or social aloofness as chief sources of potential social destruction, all need to be factored into Messianic and Christian group efforts to impact the whole House of Israel with the Gospel. Approaches old and new are evaluated with a view to evangelistic success.

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